East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA

Public Use Microdata Area (PUMA)

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2021 Population

138,575

3.82% 1-year growth

US Senator

Bill Cassidy

Republican Party

US Senator

John Kennedy

Republican Party

2021 Median Age

34.7

0.289% 1-year increase

2021 Poverty Rate

13.3%

0.159% 1-year decrease

2021 Median Household Income

$75,037

3.52% 1-year growth

2021 Median Property Value

$257,700

1.74% 1-year growth

2021 Employed Population

70,682

3.79% 1-year growth

About

In 2021, East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA had a population of 139k people with a median age of 34.7 and a median household income of $75,037. Between 2020 and 2021 the population of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA grew from 133,475 to 138,575, a 3.82% increase and its median household income grew from $72,484 to $75,037, a 3.52% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are White (Non-Hispanic) (59.4%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (25.2%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (5.02%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (4.15%), and Other (Hispanic) (2.63%).

11% of the households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

95.3% of the residents in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Capital Region Planning Commission 2--East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are ITI Technical College (270 degrees awarded in 2021), Unitech Training Academy-Baton Rouge (94 degrees), and Richport Technical College (242413) (81 degrees).

In 2021, the median property value in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was $257,700, and the homeownership rate was 63.4%.

Most people in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 23.8 minutes. The average car ownership in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was 2 cars per household.

East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA borders Baton Rouge Metropolitan Area (West) PUMA, LA, Baton Rouge City PUMA, LA, Ascension Parish PUMA, LA, and Livingston & St. Helena Parishes PUMA, LA.

United States Louisiana

Population & Diversity

East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA is home to a population of 139k people, from which 95.3% are citizens. As of 2021, 8.22% of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA residents were born outside of the country (11.4k people).

In 2021, there were 2.36 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (82.3k people) in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 34.9k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 6.96k Asian (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common non-English languages spoken as the primary langauge in households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are Spanish (5,678 households), Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (1,429 households), and Vietnamese (1,050 households).

Population & Diversity

Residents by Gender and Age

RACE/ETHNICITY

72,084

Women

52%

66,484

Men

48%

The resident population of United States in 2021 was 138,568 inhabitants, with 48% men, and 52% women.

The visualization shows the distribution of the residents by gender and age in the United States.

With the upper buttons you can add a filter by race.

Citizenship

95.3%

2021 Citizenship

95.4%

2020 Citizenship

As of 2021, 95.3% of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.4%. In 2020, the percentage of US citizens in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was 95.4%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Diversity

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA

White (Non-Hispanic)
82.3k ± 2.69k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
34.9k ± 2.77k
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
6.96k ± 891

5.8%

Hispanic Population

8.04k people

5.8% of the people in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are hispanic (8.04k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA as a share of the total population.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Honduras
1,971 ± 1,082 people
India
1,066 ± 799 people
Vietnam
945 ± 752 people

In 2021, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was Honduras, the natal country of 1,971 East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA residents, followed by India with 1,066 and Vietnam with 945.

Foreign-Born Population

8.22%

2021 Foreign-Born Population

11.4k people

7.79%

2020 Foreign-Born Population

10.4k people

As of 2021, 8.22% of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA residents (11.4k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.6%. In 2020, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was 7.79%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Non-English Households

Most Common Non-English Languages

Spanish
5,678 households (4.35%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
1,429 households (1.09%)
Vietnamese
1,050 households (0.804%)

11% of the households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA reported speaking a non-English language at home as their primary shared language, which is lower than the national average of 21.7%. This does not consider the potential multi-lingual nature of households, but only the primary self-reported language spoken by all members of the household.

In 2021, the most common non-English language spoken in households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was Spanish. 4.35% of the households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA reported speaking Spanish at home as the primary shared language between all members living in the household.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
1,956 ± 373
Gulf War (2001-)
1,370 ± 391
Gulf War (1990s)
963 ± 322

East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.43 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

The economy of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA employs 70.7k people. The largest industries in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are Restaurants & Food Services (4,939 people), Construction (4,562 people), and Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (3,982 people), and the highest paying industries are Pulp, paper, & paperboard mills ($167,631), Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($165,805), and Petroleum refining ($145,967).

Males in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA have an average income that is 1.6 times higher than the average income of females, which is $57,886. The income inequality in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA (measured using the Gini index) is 0.494, which is higher than than the national average.

Employment

Workforce Diversity

Measure

RACE/ETHNICITY

35,208

Women

51.7%

32,896

Men

48.3%

The workforce of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA in 2020 was 68,104 people, with 51.7% woman, and 48.3% men.

The visualization shows the distribution of the workforce by gender and age in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA.

With the upper buttons you can see the distribution of the average salary and add a filter by race.

Occupations

70.7k

2021 Value

3.79%

1 Year growth

± 3.79%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA grew at a rate of 3.79%, from 68.1k employees to 70.7k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA, are Other managers (2,252 people), Registered nurses (2,135 people), and Firstline supervisors of retail sales workers (2,068 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA.

Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Louisiana (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Industries

Employment by Industries

70.7k

2021 Value

3.79%

1 Year growth

± 3.79%

From 2020 to 2021, employment in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA grew at a rate of 3.79%, from 68.1k employees to 70.7k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA, are Restaurants & Food Services (4,939 people), Construction (4,562 people), and Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (3,982 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA, though some of these residents may live in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Median Earnings by Industry

$56,336

Median earning men ± $3,164

$35,938

Median earning women ± $2,592

The industries with the best median earnings for men in 2021 are Wholesale Trade ($125,259), Finance & Insurance, & Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($91,471), and Manufacturing ($77,247).

The industries with the best median earnings for women in 2021 are Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($60,707), Construction ($55,072), and Manufacturing ($50,468).

Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for false.

Y-Axis

2.75%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between February 2022 and February 2023

As of February 2023, there are 155M people employed in Louisiana. This represents a 2.75% increase in employment when compared to February 2022.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Louisiana.

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Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

Gasoline
$48B
Coal-n.e.c.
$46.7B
Fuel oils
$46.4B

In 2020, the top outbound Louisiana product (by dollars) was Gasoline with $48B, followed by Coal-n.e.c. ($46.7B) and Fuel oils ($46.4B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Louisiana products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Louisiana.

$371B

2020 Value in Louisiana

$691B

Projected 2050 Value in Louisiana

86.1% growth

In 2020, total outbound Louisiana trade was $371B. This is expected to increase 86.1% to $691B by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Louisiana trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Most Common Trade Partners

Texas
$48.8B
Mississippi
$24.6B
Florida
$8.21B

In 2020, the top outbound Louisiana domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Texas with $48.8B, followed by Mississippi with $24.6B and Florida and $8.21B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Louisiana shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Louisiana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.01%).

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing the state of Louisiana. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Elections

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Voting results are not available for East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA. Showing the available data for Louisiana.

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (58.5%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.01%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Louisiana went to Donald J. Trump with 58.5% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (39.9%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.01%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Louisiana for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Senator Elections

US Senators from Louisiana

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

Bill Cassidy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2015

John Kennedy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2017

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing Louisiana.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Louisiana over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representative Elections

US Representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Louisiana have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2021, universities in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA awarded 611 degrees. The student population of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA in 2021 is skewed towards men, with 645 male students and 401 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are Black or African American (305 and 49.9%), followed by White (206 and 33.7%), Unknown (50 and 8.18%), and Hispanic or Latino (37 and 6.06%).

The largest universities in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA by number of degrees awarded are ITI Technical College (270 and 44.2%), Unitech Training Academy-Baton Rouge (94 and 15.4%), and Richport Technical College (242413) (81 and 13.3%).

The most popular majors in Capital Region Planning Commission 2--East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA are Instrumentation Technology (93 and 15.2%), Manufacturing Engineering Technology (78 and 12.8%), and General Cosmetology (69 and 11.3%).

Admissions & Enrollments

Applicants, Admissions & Enrolled

Measure

In 2015 in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA, the percentage of applicants admitted was 44.9%, while the percentage of admitted who enrolled was 50%. The number of students enrolled in 2021 was 1,046 (61.7% men and 38.3% women).

The line chart shows the evolution of the percentage of applicants admitted, admitted who enrolled or the number of students enrolled according to the option selected in the upper button.

Enrollments by Gender and Races

In 2021 there were 1,046 students enrolled in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA, 61.7% men and 38.3% women.

By race, the largest number of students enrolled was concentrated in Black or African American with 593 records, of which 47.6% were women and 52.4% men.

Completions

Concentrations

Most Common

General Cosmetology
69 degrees awarded
Medical Assistant
33 degrees awarded
HVAC Maintenance
31 degrees awarded

In 2021, the most common concentation for 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate recipients in Capital Region Planning Commission 2--East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was General Cosmetology with 69 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate from schools in Capital Region Planning Commission 2--East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA according to their major.

Universities

Gender

Race

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

ITI Technical College
270 degrees awarded
Unitech Training Academy-Baton Rouge
94 degrees awarded
Richport Technical College (242413)
81 degrees awarded

In 2021, the institution with the largest number of graduating students was ITI Technical College with 270 degrees awarded.

Student Diversity

In 2021, 337 men were awarded degrees from institutions in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA, which is 1.23 times more than the 274 female students who received degrees in the same year.

In 2021 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions was Black or African American students. These 305 degrees mean that there were 1.48 times more degrees awarded to Black or African American students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, White, with 206 degrees awarded.

Awarded Degrees over Time

The graph shows the evolution of awarded degrees by degrees. Under the paragraphs, the average number of awarded degrees by university in each degree is shown.

Tuition

Average Net Price by Sector

Private not-for-profit, 2-year ($19,957) is the sector with the highest median state tuition in 2021.

Private for-profit, 2-year ($150) is the sector with the highest median state fee in 2021.

Private for-profit, 2-year ($1,629) is the sector with the highest average net price of books and supplies.

The graph shows the average net price by sector and year.

Working Population

Educational Pyramid

Measure

In 2021, 0.927% of men over 25 years of age had not completed any academic degree (no schooling), while 0.334% of women were in the same situation.

This visualization shows the gender distribution of the population according to the academic level reached.

Educational Attainment

Race

The most common educational levels obtained by the working population of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA in 2021 were Bachelors Degree (30.6k), Some college (28.2k), and High School or Equivalent (20.7k).

This visualization illustrates the percentage distribution of the population according to the highest educational level reached. You can filter the data by race by using the selector above.

Housing & Living

The median property value in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was $257,700 in 2021, which is 1.05 times larger than the national average of $244,900. Between 2020 and 2021 the median property value increased from $253,300 to $257,700, a 1.74% increase. The homeownership rate in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA is 63.4%, which is approximately the same as the national average of 64.6%.

People in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA have an average commute time of 23.8 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Median household income in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA is $75,037. In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was Ascension Parish PUMA, LA with a value of $86,256, followed by St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA and Lafayette Parish (South) PUMA, LA, with respective values of $79,292 and $76,180.

Housing

Property

$257,700

Median Property Value 2021

±$8,428

$34,560

Median Property Taxes

±$1,690

The following chart display owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA the largest share of households pay taxes in the $800 - $1,499 range.

The chart underneath the paragraph shows the property taxes in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies.

Rent vs Own

63.4%

Homeownership

2021

67.4%

Homeowners with Mortgage

2021

In 2021, 63.4% of the housing units in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 63.3%.

This chart shows the percentage of owner in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Equity

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2021, the PUMA with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was Ascension Parish PUMA, LA with a value of $86,256, followed by St. Tammany Parish (Northwest) PUMA, LA and Lafayette Parish (South) PUMA, LA, with respective values of $79,292 and $76,180.

The following map shows all of the PUMAs in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$75,037

Median Household Income

± $3,293

54.5k

Number of Households

± 2,375

In 2021, the median household income of the 54.5k households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA grew to $75,037 from the previous year's value of $72,484.

The following chart displays the households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $200k+ range.

Wage Distribution

0.494

2021 Wage GINI in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA

0.483

2020 Wage GINI in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA

In 2021, the income inequality in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was 0.494 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 2.1% growth from 2020 to 2021, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA was higher than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed less evenly in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Transportation

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2021

Drove Alone (83.4%)
Carpooled (7.63%)
Worked At Home (6.4%)

In 2021, 83.4% of workers in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (7.63%) and those who worked at home (6.4%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Commute Time

23.8 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA have a shorter commute time (23.8 minutes) than the normal US worker (26.8 minutes). Additionally, 1.96% of the workforce in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA have 2 cars.

Poverty

Poverty & Diversity

13.3% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA (18.3k out of 138k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.6%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 18 - 24, followed by Males 18 - 24 and then Females 25 - 34.

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Health

93.9% of the population of East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA has health coverage, with 55.4% on employee plans, 12.7% on Medicaid, 10.7% on Medicare, 14.2% on non-group plans, and 0.941% on military or VA plans.

Primary care physicians in Louisiana see 1434 patients per year on average, which represents a 2.18% decrease from the previous year (1466 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1759 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 305 patients per year.

Coverage

Patient to Clinician Ratios

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

1,434 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Louisiana

Primary care physicians in Louisiana see an average of 1,434 patients per year. This represents a 2.18% decrease from the previous year (1,466 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Louisiana in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Health Care Diversity

In 2021, insured persons according to age ranges were distributed in 22.6% under 18 years, 27.8% between 18 and 34 years, 35.3% between 35 and 64 years, and 14.3% over 64 years.

By gender, of the total number of insured persons, 46.9% were men and 53.1% were women.

The following chart shows the number of people with health coverage by gender.

Uninsured People

6.06%

Uninsured

55.4%

Employer Coverage

12.7%

Medicaid

10.7%

Medicare

14.2%

Non-Group

0.941%

Military or VA

Between 2020 and 2021, the percent of uninsured citizens in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA declined by 8.51% from 6.62% to 6.06%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in East Baton Rouge Parish (South) PUMA, LA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.