St. Francis County, AR

County

Add Comparison

Population

26,294

1.48% 1-year decline

US Senator

John Boozman

Republican Party

US Senator

Tom Cotton

Republican Party

Median Age

38.9

Poverty Rate

26.6%

Median Household Income

$35,356

6.81% 1-year growth

Median Property Value

$63,300

2.26% 1-year growth

Number of Employees

8,697

0.23% 1-year growth

About

In 2018, St. Francis County, AR had a population of 26.3k people with a median age of 38.9 and a median household income of $35,356. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of St. Francis County, AR declined from 26,688 to 26,294, a -1.48% decrease and its median household income grew from $33,102 to $35,356, a 6.81% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in St. Francis County, AR are Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (55.4%), White (Non-Hispanic) (40.1%), Other (Hispanic) (1.18%), White (Hispanic) (0.726%), and Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (0.62%). NaNk% of the people in St. Francis County, AR speak a non-English language, and 98.8% are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in St. Francis County, AR are East Arkansas Community College (268 degrees awarded in 2017) and Crowley's Ridge Technical Institute (152 degrees).

The median property value in St. Francis County, AR is $63,300, and the homeownership rate is 57.1%. Most people in St. Francis County, AR commute by Drove Alone, and the average commute time is 18.4 minutes. The average car ownership in St. Francis County, AR is 2 cars per household.

St. Francis County, AR borders Crittenden County, AR, Cross County, AR, Lee County, AR, Monroe County, AR, and Woodruff County, AR.

United States Arkansas Forrest City, AR

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Arkansas. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Arkansas, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arkansas.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Arkansas (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arkansas.

Start Year

Y-Axis

-5.78%

Year-over-year decline

Employment change between November 2019 and November 2020

As of November 2020, there are 145M people employed in Arkansas. This represents a -5.78% decrease in employment when compared to November 2019.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Arkansas.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arkansas.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Arkansas across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in St. Francis County, AR went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 54.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (43%), followed by Other (2.75%). The most partisan county was Polk County, AR with 80.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

John Boozman and Tom Cotton are the senators currently representing the state of Arkansas. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Arkansas is currently represented by 4 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Hillary Rodham Clinton (54.3%)
Democratic Party
Donald J. Trump (43%)
Republican Party
Other (2.75%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Arkansas went to Hillary Rodham Clinton with 54.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Donald J. Trump (43%), followed by Other (2.75%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Arkansas for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Arkansas.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Popular Vote for St. Francis County, AR

54.3% for the Democratic Party

Most Partisan Counties in Arkansas

Polk County, AR
80.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Searcy County, AR
79.3% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Pike County, AR
79.1% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Arkansas was Polk County, AR with 80.4% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Arkansas colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Arkansas

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Arkansas.

John Boozman

Senator from Arkansas

Assumed office on January 3, 2011

Tom Cotton

Senator from Arkansas

Assumed office on January 3, 2015

John Boozman and Tom Cotton are the senators currently representing Arkansas.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Arkansas over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Arkansas

Arkansas is currently represented by 4 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Arkansas have changed over time starting in 2008.

Diversity

St. Francis County, AR is home to a population of 26.3k people, from which 98.8% are citizens. As of 2018, 1.44% of St. Francis County, AR residents were born outside of the country (379 people).

In 2018, there were 1.38 times more Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents (14.6k people) in St. Francis County, AR than any other race or ethnicity. There were 10.6k White (Non-Hispanic) and 311 Other (Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in St. Francis County, AR

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
14.6k ± 252
White (Non-Hispanic)
10.6k ± 22
Other (Hispanic)
311 ± 110

2.69%

Hispanic Population

708 people

2.69% of the people in St. Francis County, AR are hispanic (708 people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in St. Francis County, AR as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

1.44%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

379 people

1.49%

2017 Foreign-Born Population

397 people

As of 2018, 1.44% of St. Francis County, AR residents (379 people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2017, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in St. Francis County, AR was 1.49%, meaning that the rate has been decreasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in St. Francis County, AR compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.7

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 1.6

In 2018, the median age of all people in St. Francis County, AR was 38.9. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 39, were generally older than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 37. But people in St. Francis County, AR are getting getting older. In 2017, the average age of all St. Francis County, AR residents was 38.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Arkansas.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
60,028 ± 5,955 people
El Salvador
14,906 ± 2,990 people
India
8,724 ± 2,290 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Arkansas was Mexico, the natal country of 60,028 Arkansas residents, followed by El Salvador with 14,906 and India with 8,724.

Citizenship

98.8%

2018 Citizenship

99%

2017 Citizenship

As of 2018, 98.8% of St. Francis County, AR residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in St. Francis County, AR was 99%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in St. Francis County, AR compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
494 ± 106
Gulf War (1990s)
283 ± 118
Gulf War (2001-)
226 ± 96

St. Francis County, AR has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.75 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

Median household income in St. Francis County, AR is $35,356. In 2018, the tract with the highest Median Household Income in St. Francis County, AR was Census Tract 9605 with a value of $41,955, followed by Census Tract 9602 and Census Tract 9606, with respective values of $39,013 and $37,448.

Males in Arkansas have an average income that is 1.35 times higher than the average income of females, which is $41,995. The income inequality in Arkansas (measured using the Gini index) is 0.451, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of St. Francis County, AR employs 8.7k people. The largest industries in St. Francis County, AR are Health Care & Social Assistance (1,297 people), Manufacturing (1,254 people), and Retail Trade (1,067 people), and the highest paying industries are Information ($100,542), Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($82,844), and Utilities ($61,023).

Wages

Median Household Income

$35,356

2018 value

± $2,573

6.81%

1 Year Growth

± 9.57%

Households in St. Francis County, AR have a median annual income of $35,356, which is less than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $33,102 in 2017, which represents a 6.81% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in St. Francis County, AR compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Arkansas.

$56,854

Average Male Salary in Arkansas

± $1,935

$41,995

Average Female Salary in Arkansas

± $1,371

In 2019, full-time male employees in Arkansas made 1.35 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Arkansas by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Arkansas.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Arkansas

Asian
$56,874 ± $11,128
White
$46,626 ± $1,304
American Indian and Alaska Native tribes specified; or American Indian or Alaska Native, not specified and no other races
$42,148 ± $38,775

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Arkansas workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.22 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Arkansas.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Arkansas by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for St. Francis County, AR is from Arkansas.

0.451

2019 Wage GINI in Arkansas

0.452

2018 Wage GINI in Arkansas

In 2019, the income inequality in Arkansas was 0.451 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.384% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Arkansas was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Arkansas in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Arkansas across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 9605
Census Tract 9602
Census Tract 9606

In 2018, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in St. Francis County, AR was Census Tract 9605 with a value of $41,955, followed by Census Tract 9602 and Census Tract 9606, with respective values of $39,013 and $37,448.

The following map shows all of the tracts in St. Francis County, AR colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 35 - 44

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

26.6% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in St. Francis County, AR (6.05k out of 22.7k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 35 - 44, followed by Females < 5 and then Females 25 - 34.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

Black
4,390 ± 420
White
1,635 ± 233
Hispanic
19 ± 107

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in St. Francis County, AR is Black, followed by White and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

8.7k

2018 Value

± 691

0.23%

1 Year growth

± 11%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in St. Francis County, AR grew at a rate of 0.23%, from 8.68k employees to 8.7k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in St. Francis County, AR, are Production Occupations (1,048 people), Transportation Occupations (868 people), and Office & Administrative Support Occupations (753 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of St. Francis County, AR.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of St. Francis County, AR, by number of employees, are Production Occupations (1,048 people), Transportation Occupations (868 people), and Office & Administrative Support Occupations (753 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, St. Francis County, AR has an unusually high number of residents working as Farming, Fishing, & Forestry Occupations (5.38 times higher than expected), Law Enforcement Workers Including Supervisors (2.83 times), and Transportation Occupations (2.69 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of St. Francis County, AR, by median earnings, are Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($80,000), Business & Financial Operations Occupations ($58,304), and Fire Fighting & Prevention, & Other Protective Service Workers Including Supervisors ($55,347).

Industries

Employment by Industries

8.7k

2018 Value

± 691

0.23%

1 Year growth

± 11%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in St. Francis County, AR grew at a rate of 0.23%, from 8.68k employees to 8.7k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in St. Francis County, AR, are Health Care & Social Assistance (1,297 people), Manufacturing (1,254 people), and Retail Trade (1,067 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of St. Francis County, AR, though some of these residents may live in St. Francis County, AR and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in St. Francis County, AR, by number of employees, are Health Care & Social Assistance (1,297 people), Manufacturing (1,254 people), and Retail Trade (1,067 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, St. Francis County, AR has an unusually high number of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting (4.67 times higher than expected), Transportation & Warehousing (1.65 times), and Wholesale Trade (1.62 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in St. Francis County, AR, by median earnings, are Information ($100,542), Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services ($82,844), and Utilities ($61,023).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Arkansas to other states, or from other states to Arkansas.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2015, the top outbound Arkansas product (by dollars) was Coal-n.e.c. with $24.5B, followed by Meat/seafood ($17.5B) and Mixed freight ($8.54B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Arkansas products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Arkansas.

$150B

2015 Value in Arkansas

$228B

Projected 2045 Value in Arkansas

52.4% growth

In 2015, total outbound Arkansas trade was $150B. This is expected to increase 52.4% to $228B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Arkansas trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Arkansas to other states, or from other states to Arkansas.

Most Common Trade Partners

Mississippi
$12.4B
Texas
$11.4B
Missouri
$7.98B

In 2015, the top outbound Arkansas domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Mississippi with $12.4B, followed by Texas with $11.4B and Missouri and $7.98B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Arkansas shares with each state (excluding itself).

Education

In 2017, universities in St. Francis County, AR awarded 420 degrees. The student population of St. Francis County, AR is skewed towards women, with 404 male students and 805 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in St. Francis County, AR are White (228 and 54.4%), followed by Black or African American (176 and 42%), Hispanic or Latino (8 and 1.91%), and Asian (2 and 0.477%).

The largest universities in St. Francis County, AR by number of degrees awarded are East Arkansas Community College (268 and 63.8%) and Crowley's Ridge Technical Institute (152 and 36.2%).

The most popular majors in St. Francis County, AR are Liberal Arts & Sciences (71 and 16.9%), General Studies (64 and 15.2%), and Diesel Mechanics Technology (43 and 10.2%).

The median tuition costs in St. Francis County, AR are $N/A for private four year colleges, and $N/A and $N/A respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Liberal Arts & Sciences
71 degree-majorss awarded
Licensed Practical & Vocational Nurse Training
21 degree-majorss awarded
General Health Services
20 degree-majorss awarded

In 2015, the most common concentation for 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate recipients in St. Francis County, AR was Liberal Arts & Sciences with 71 degree-majorss awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a 1 to 2 Year Postsecondary Certificate from schools in St. Francis County, AR according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

East Arkansas Community College
268 degrees awarded
Crowley's Ridge Technical Institute
152 degrees awarded

$N/A

Median In-State Public

$N/A

Median Private

In 2017, the St. Francis County, AR institution with the largest number of graduating students was East Arkansas Community College with 268 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

208

Degrees Awarded to Men

212

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2017, 208 men were awarded degrees from institutions in St. Francis County, AR, which is 0.981 times less than the 212 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in St. Francis County, AR by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
228 degrees awarded
Black or African American
176 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
8 degrees awarded

In 2017 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in St. Francis County, AR were to White students. These 228 degrees mean that there were 1.3 times more White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 176 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in St. Francis County, AR was $63,300 in 2018, which is 0.276 times smaller than the national average of $229,700. Between 2017 and 2018 the median property value increased from $61,900 to $63,300, a 2.26% increase. The homeownership rate in St. Francis County, AR is 57.1%, which is lower than the national average of 63.9%. People in St. Francis County, AR have an average commute time of 18.4 minutes, and they commute by Drove Alone. Car ownership in St. Francis County, AR is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$63,300

2018 Median

± $3,777

$61,900

2017 Median

± $4,298

In 2018, the median property value in St. Francis County, AR grew to to $63,300 from the previous year's value of $61,900.

The following charts display, first, the property values in St. Francis County, AR compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In St. Francis County, AR the largest share of households have a property value in the N/A range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$35,356

Median Household Income

± $2,573

9.32k

Number of Households

± 636

In 2018, the median household income of the 9.32k households in St. Francis County, AR grew to $35,356 from the previous year's value of $33,102.

The following chart displays the households in St. Francis County, AR distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the < $10k range.

Property Taxes

< $800

Average Range

This chart shows the households in St. Francis County, AR distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In St. Francis County, AR the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.

Rent vs Own

57.1%

2018 Homeownership

58.6%

2017 Homeownership

In 2018, 57.1% of the housing units in St. Francis County, AR were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 58.6%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in St. Francis County, AR compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

18.4 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in St. Francis County, AR have a shorter commute time (18.4 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.3 minutes). Additionally, 0.471% of the workforce in St. Francis County, AR have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in St. Francis County, AR compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Method of Travel

Drove Alone
81.6%
Carpooled
8.77%
Worked At Home
5.13%

In 2018, the most common method of travel for workers in St. Francis County, AR was Drove Alone (81.6%), followed by those who Carpooled (8.77%) and those who Worked At Home (5.13%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in St. Francis County, AR distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in St. Francis County, AR have 2 cars, followed by 1 car.

Health

89.7% of the population of St. Francis County, AR has health coverage, with 26.3% on employee plans, 36.6% on Medicaid, 12.1% on Medicare, 13.3% on non-group plans, and 1.3% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Arkansas was $7,408 in 2014. This is a 6.91% increase from the previous year ($6,929).

Primary care physicians in St. Francis County, AR see 1773 patients per year on average, which represents a 14.3% decrease from the previous year (2069 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 3274 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 403 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Jefferson County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (17.2%). Additionally, St. Francis County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (44.5%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,773 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in St. Francis County, AR

Primary care physicians in St. Francis County, AR see an average of 1,773 patients per year. This represents a 14.3% decrease from the previous year (2,069 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in St. Francis County, AR in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Arkansas.

$7,408

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Arkansas

$3,906

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$6,108

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$9,479

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Arkansas (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 6.91%, from $6,929 to $7,408.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

10.3%

Uninsured

26.3%

Employer Coverage

36.6%

Medicaid

12.1%

Medicare

13.3%

Non-Group

1.3%

Military or VA

Between 2017 and 2018, the percent of uninsured citizens in St. Francis County, AR declined by 15.5% from 12.2% to 10.3%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in St. Francis County, AR changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.